How do I add a guard ring to a matrix in NumPy?

Question

Using NumPy, a matrix A has n rows and m columns, and I want add a guard ring to matrix A. That guard ring is all zero.

What should I do? Use Reshape? But the element is not enough to make a n+1 m+1 matrix.

Or etc.?

Thanks in advance

I mean an extra ring of cells that always contain 0 surround matrix A.Basically there is a Matrix B has n+2rows m+2columns where the first row and columns and the last row and columns are all zero,and the rest of it are same as matrix A.

Answer 1

Following up on your comment:

>>> import numpy
>>> a = numpy.array(range(9)).reshape((3,3))
>>> b = numpy.zeros(tuple(s+2 for s in a.shape), a.dtype)
>>> b[tuple(slice(1,-1) for s in a.shape)] = a
>>> b
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 2, 0],
       [0, 3, 4, 5, 0],
       [0, 6, 7, 8, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

Answer 2

This is a less general but easier to understand version of Alex's answer:

>>> a = numpy.array(range(9)).reshape((3,3))
>>> a
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5],
       [6, 7, 8]])
>>> b = numpy.zeros(a.shape + numpy.array(2), a.dtype)
>>> b
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
>>> b[1:-1,1:-1] = a
>>> b
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 2, 0],
       [0, 3, 4, 5, 0],
       [0, 6, 7, 8, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

Answer 3

This question is ancient now, but I just want to alert people finding it that numpy has a function pad that very easily accomplishes this now.

import numpy as np
a = np.array(range(9)).reshape((3, 3))
a
Out[15]: 
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5],
       [6, 7, 8]])

a = np.pad(a, pad_width=((1,1),(1,1)), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
a
Out[16]: 
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 2, 0],
       [0, 3, 4, 5, 0],
       [0, 6, 7, 8, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])