Deleting an element from an array in PHP
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369602
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Is there an easy way to delete an element from an array using PHP, such that foreach ($array) no longer includes that element?
I thought that setting it to null would do it, but apparently it does not work.
Solution
There are different ways to delete an array element, where some are more useful for some specific tasks than others.
Delete one array element
If you want to delete just one array element you can use \unset() or alternatively \array_splice().
Also if you have the value and don't know the key to delete the element you can use \array_search() to get the key.
\unset() method
Note that when you use \unset() the array keys won't change/reindex. If you want to reindex the keys you can use \array_values() after \unset() which will convert all keys to numerical enumerated keys starting from 0.
Code
<?php
$array = [0 => "a", 1 => "b", 2 => "c"];
\unset($array[1]);
//↑ Key which you want to delete
?>
Output
[
[0] => a
[2] => c
]
\array_splice() method
If you use \array_splice() the keys will be automatically reindexed, but the associative keys won't change as opposed to \array_values() which will convert all keys to numerical keys.
Also \array_splice() needs the offset, not the key! as the second parameter.
Code
<?php
$array = [0 => "a", 1 => "b", 2 => "c"];
\array_splice($array, 1, 1);
//↑ Offset which you want to delete
?>
Output
[
[0] => a
[1] => c
]
array_splice() same as \unset() take the array by reference, and this means you don't want to assign the return values of those functions back to the array.
Delete multiple array elements
If you want to delete multiple array elements and don't want to call \unset() or \array_splice() multiple times you can use the functions \array_diff() or \array_diff_key() depending on if you know the values or the keys of the elements which you want to delete.
\array_diff() method
If you know the values of the array elements which you want to delete, then you can use \array_diff(). As before with \unset() it won't change/reindex the keys of the array.
Code
<?php
$array = [0 => "a", 1 => "b", 2 => "c"];
$array = \array_diff($array, ["a", "c"]);
//└────────┘→ Array values which you want to delete
?>
Output
[
[1] => b
]
\array_diff_key() method
If you know the keys of the elements which you want to delete, then you want to use \array_diff_key(). Here you have to make sure you pass the keys as keys in the second parameter and not as values. Otherwise, you have to flip the array with \array_flip(). And also here the keys won't change/reindex.
Code
<?php
$array = [0 => "a", 1 => "b", 2 => "c"];
$array = \array_diff_key($array, [0 => "xy", "2" => "xy"]);
//↑ ↑ Array keys which you want to delete
?>
Output
[
[1] => b
]
Also if you want to use \unset() or \array_splice() to delete multiple elements with the same value you can use \array_keys() to get all the keys for a specific value and then delete all elements.
OTHER TIPS
It should be noted that unset() will keep indexes untouched, which is what you'd expect when using string indexes (array as hashtable), but can be quite surprising when dealing with integer indexed arrays:
$array = array(0, 1, 2, 3);
unset($array[2]);
var_dump($array);
/* array(3) {
[0]=>
int(0)
[1]=>
int(1)
[3]=>
int(3)
} */
$array = array(0, 1, 2, 3);
array_splice($array, 2, 1);
var_dump($array);
/* array(3) {
[0]=>
int(0)
[1]=>
int(1)
[2]=>
int(3)
} */
So array_splice() can be used if you'd like to normalize your integer keys. Another option is using array_values() after unset():
$array = array(0, 1, 2, 3);
unset($array[2]);
$array = array_values($array);
var_dump($array);
/* array(3) {
[0]=>
int(0)
[1]=>
int(1)
[2]=>
int(3)
} */
// Our initial array
$arr = array("blue", "green", "red", "yellow", "green", "orange", "yellow", "indigo", "red");
print_r($arr);
// Remove the elements who's values are yellow or red
$arr = array_diff($arr, array("yellow", "red"));
print_r($arr);
This is the output from the code above:
Array
(
[0] => blue
[1] => green
[2] => red
[3] => yellow
[4] => green
[5] => orange
[6] => yellow
[7] => indigo
[8] => red
)
Array
(
[0] => blue
[1] => green
[4] => green
[5] => orange
[7] => indigo
)
Now, array_values() will reindex a numerical array nicely, but it will remove all key strings from the array and replace them with numbers. If you need to preserve the key names (strings), or reindex the array if all keys are numerical, use array_merge():
$arr = array_merge(array_diff($arr, array("yellow", "red")));
print_r($arr);
Outputs
Array
(
[0] => blue
[1] => green
[2] => green
[3] => orange
[4] => indigo
)
$key = array_search($needle, $array);
if ($key !== false) {
unset($array[$key]);
}
unset($array[$index]);
If you have a numerically indexed array where all values are unique (or they are non-unique but you wish to remove all instances of a particular value), you can simply use array_diff() to remove a matching element, like this:
$my_array = array_diff($my_array, array('Value_to_remove'));
For example:
$my_array = array('Andy', 'Bertha', 'Charles', 'Diana');
echo sizeof($my_array) . "\n";
$my_array = array_diff($my_array, array('Charles'));
echo sizeof($my_array);
This displays the following:
4
3
In this example, the element with the value 'Charles' is removed as can be verified by the sizeof() calls that report a size of 4 for the initial array, and 3 after the removal.
Also, for a named element:
unset($array["elementName"]);
Destroy a single element of an array
unset()
$array1 = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
unset($array1[2]); // Delete known index(2) value from array
var_dump($array1);
The output will be:
array(4) {
[0]=>
string(1) "A"
[1]=>
string(1) "B"
[3]=>
string(1) "D"
[4]=>
string(1) "E"
}
If you need to re index the array:
$array1 = array_values($array1);
var_dump($array1);
Then the output will be:
array(4) {
[0]=>
string(1) "A"
[1]=>
string(1) "B"
[2]=>
string(1) "D"
[3]=>
string(1) "E"
}
Pop the element off the end of array - return the value of the removed element
mixed array_pop(array &$array)
$stack = array("orange", "banana", "apple", "raspberry");
$last_fruit = array_pop($stack);
print_r($stack);
print_r('Last Fruit:'.$last_fruit); // Last element of the array
The output will be
Array
(
[0] => orange
[1] => banana
[2] => apple
)
Last Fruit: raspberry
Remove the first element (red) from an array, - return the value of the removed element
mixed array_shift ( array &$array )
$color = array("a" => "red", "b" => "green" , "c" => "blue");
$first_color = array_shift($color);
print_r ($color);
print_r ('First Color: '.$first_color);
The output will be:
Array
(
[b] => green
[c] => blue
)
First Color: red
<?php
$stack = array("fruit1", "fruit2", "fruit3", "fruit4");
$fruit = array_shift($stack);
print_r($stack);
echo $fruit;
?>
Output:
Array
(
[0] => fruit2
[1] => fruit3
[2] => fruit4
)
fruit1
To avoid doing a search one can play around with array_diff:
$array = array(3, 9, 11, 20);
$array = array_diff($array, array(11) ); // removes 11
In this case one doesn't have to search/use the key.
If you have to delete multiple values in an array and the entries in that array are objects or structured data, [array_filter][1] is your best bet. Those entries that return a true from the callback function will be retained.
$array = [
['x'=>1,'y'=>2,'z'=>3],
['x'=>2,'y'=>4,'z'=>6],
['x'=>3,'y'=>6,'z'=>9]
];
$results = array_filter($array, function($value) {
return $value['x'] > 2;
}); //=> [['x'=>3,'y'=>6,z=>'9']]
unset() destroys the specified variables.
The behavior of unset() inside of a function can vary depending on what type of variable you are attempting to destroy.
If a globalized variable is unset() inside of a function, only the local variable is destroyed. The variable in the calling environment will retain the same value as before unset() was called.
<?php
function destroy_foo()
{
global $foo;
unset($foo);
}
$foo = 'bar';
destroy_foo();
echo $foo;
?>
The answer of the above code will be bar.
To unset() a global variable inside of a function:
<?php
function foo()
{
unset($GLOBALS['bar']);
}
$bar = "something";
foo();
?>
Associative arrays
For associative arrays, use unset:
$arr = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3);
unset($arr['b']);
// RESULT: array('a' => 1, 'c' => 3)
Numeric arrays
For numeric arrays, use array_splice:
$arr = array(1, 2, 3);
array_splice($arr, 1, 1);
// RESULT: array(0 => 1, 1 => 3)
Note
Using unset for numeric arrays will not produce an error, but it will mess up your indexes:
$arr = array(1, 2, 3);
unset($arr[1]);
// RESULT: array(0 => 1, 2 => 3)
If you need to remove multiple elements from an associative array, you can use array_diff_key() (here used with array_flip()):
$my_array = array(
"key1" => "value 1",
"key2" => "value 2",
"key3" => "value 3",
"key4" => "value 4",
"key5" => "value 5",
);
$to_remove = array("key2", "key4");
$result = array_diff_key($my_array, array_flip($to_remove));
print_r($result);
Output:
Array ( [key1] => value 1 [key3] => value 3 [key5] => value 5 )
// Remove by value
function removeFromArr($arr, $val)
{
unset($arr[array_search($val, $arr)]);
return array_values($arr);
}
Suppose you have the following array:
Array
(
[user_id] => 193
[storage] => 5
)
To delete storage, do:
unset($attributes['storage']);
$attributes = array_filter($attributes);
And you get:
Array
(
[user_id] => 193
)
I'd just like to say I had a particular object that had variable attributes (it was basically mapping a table and I was changing the columns in the table, so the attributes in the object, reflecting the table would vary as well):
class obj {
protected $fields = array('field1','field2');
protected $field1 = array();
protected $field2 = array();
protected loadfields(){}
// This will load the $field1 and $field2 with rows of data for the column they describe
protected function clearFields($num){
foreach($fields as $field) {
unset($this->$field[$num]);
// This did not work the line below worked
unset($this->{$field}[$num]); // You have to resolve $field first using {}
}
}
}
The whole purpose of $fields was just, so I don't have to look everywhere in the code when they're changed, I just look at the beginning of the class and change the list of attributes and the $fields array content to reflect the new attributes.
Follow the default functions:
i)
$Array = array("test1", "test2", "test3", "test3");
unset($Array[2]);
ii)
$Array = array("test1", "test2", "test3", "test3");
array_pop($Array);
iii)
$Array = array("test1", "test2", "test3", "test3");
array_splice($Array,1,2);
iv)
$Array = array("test1", "test2", "test3", "test3");
array_shift($Array);
Solutions:
- To delete one element, use unset():
unset($array[3]); unset($array['foo']);
- To delete multiple noncontiguous elements, also use unset():
unset($array[3], $array[5]); unset($array['foo'], $array['bar']);
- To delete multiple contiguous elements, use array_splice():
array_splice($array, $offset, $length);
Further explanation:
Using these functions removes all references to these elements from PHP. If you want to keep a key in the array, but with an empty value, assign the empty string to the element:
$array[3] = $array['foo'] = '';
Besides syntax, there's a logical difference between using unset() and assigning '' to the element. The first says This doesn't exist anymore, while the second says This still exists, but its value is the empty string.
If you're dealing with numbers, assigning 0 may be a better alternative. So, if a company stopped production of the model XL1000 sprocket, it would update its inventory with:
unset($products['XL1000']);
However, if it temporarily ran out of XL1000 sprockets, but was planning to receive a new shipment from the plant later this week, this is better:
$products['XL1000'] = 0;
If you unset() an element, PHP adjusts the array so that looping still works correctly. It doesn't compact the array to fill in the missing holes. This is what we mean when we say that all arrays are associative, even when they appear to be numeric. Here's an example:
// Create a "numeric" array
$animals = array('ant', 'bee', 'cat', 'dog', 'elk', 'fox');
print $animals[1]; // Prints 'bee'
print $animals[2]; // Prints 'cat'
count($animals); // Returns 6
// unset()
unset($animals[1]); // Removes element $animals[1] = 'bee'
print $animals[1]; // Prints '' and throws an E_NOTICE error
print $animals[2]; // Still prints 'cat'
count($animals); // Returns 5, even though $array[5] is 'fox'
// Add a new element
$animals[ ] = 'gnu'; // Add a new element (not Unix)
print $animals[1]; // Prints '', still empty
print $animals[6]; // Prints 'gnu', this is where 'gnu' ended up
count($animals); // Returns 6
// Assign ''
$animals[2] = ''; // Zero out value
print $animals[2]; // Prints ''
count($animals); // Returns 6, count does not decrease
To compact the array into a densely filled numeric array, use array_values():
$animals = array_values($animals);
Alternatively, array_splice() automatically reindexes arrays to avoid leaving holes:
// Create a "numeric" array
$animals = array('ant', 'bee', 'cat', 'dog', 'elk', 'fox');
array_splice($animals, 2, 2);
print_r($animals);
Array
(
[0] => ant
[1] => bee
[2] => elk
[3] => fox
)
This is useful if you're using the array as a queue and want to remove items from the queue while still allowing random access. To safely remove the first or last element from an array, use array_shift() and array_pop(), respectively.
unset() multiple, fragmented elements from an array
While unset() has been mentioned here several times, it has yet to be mentioned that unset() accepts multiple variables making it easy to delete multiple, noncontiguous elements from an array in one operation:
// Delete multiple, noncontiguous elements from an array
$array = [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'quz' ];
unset( $array[2], $array[3] );
print_r($array);
// Output: [ 'foo', 'bar' ]
unset() dynamically
unset() does not accept an array of keys to remove, so the code below will fail (it would have made it slightly easier to use unset() dynamically though).
$array = range(0,5);
$remove = [1,2];
$array = unset( $remove ); // FAILS: "unexpected 'unset'"
print_r($array);
Instead, unset() can be used dynamically in a foreach loop:
$array = range(0,5);
$remove = [1,2];
foreach ($remove as $k=>$v) {
unset($array[$v]);
}
print_r($array);
// Output: [ 0, 3, 4, 5 ]
Remove array keys by copying the array
There is also another practice that has yet to be mentioned. Sometimes, the simplest way to get rid of certain array keys is to simply copy $array1 into $array2.
$array1 = range(1,10);
foreach ($array1 as $v) {
// Remove all even integers from the array
if( $v % 2 ) {
$array2[] = $v;
}
}
print_r($array2);
// Output: [ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 ];
Obviously, the same practice applies to text strings:
$array1 = [ 'foo', '_bar', 'baz' ];
foreach ($array1 as $v) {
// Remove all strings beginning with underscore
if( strpos($v,'_')===false ) {
$array2[] = $v;
}
}
print_r($array2);
// Output: [ 'foo', 'baz' ]
<?php
// If you want to remove a particular array element use this method
$my_array = array("key1"=>"value 1", "key2"=>"value 2", "key3"=>"value 3");
print_r($my_array);
if (array_key_exists("key1", $my_array)) {
unset($my_array['key1']);
print_r($my_array);
}
else {
echo "Key does not exist";
}
?>
<?php
//To remove first array element
$my_array = array("key1"=>"value 1", "key2"=>"value 2", "key3"=>"value 3");
print_r($my_array);
$new_array = array_slice($my_array, 1);
print_r($new_array);
?>
<?php
echo "<br/> ";
// To remove first array element to length
// starts from first and remove two element
$my_array = array("key1"=>"value 1", "key2"=>"value 2", "key3"=>"value 3");
print_r($my_array);
$new_array = array_slice($my_array, 1, 2);
print_r($new_array);
?>
Output
Array ( [key1] => value 1 [key2] => value 2 [key3] =>
value 3 ) Array ( [key2] => value 2 [key3] => value 3 )
Array ( [key1] => value 1 [key2] => value 2 [key3] => value 3 )
Array ( [key2] => value 2 [key3] => value 3 )
Array ( [key1] => value 1 [key2] => value 2 [key3] => value 3 )
Array ( [key2] => value 2 [key3] => value 3 )
Remove an array element based on a key:
Use the unset function like below:
$a = array(
'salam',
'10',
1
);
unset($a[1]);
print_r($a);
/*
Output:
Array
(
[0] => salam
[2] => 1
)
*/
Remove an array element based on value:
Use the array_search function to get an element key and use the above manner to remove an array element like below:
$a = array(
'salam',
'10',
1
);
$key = array_search(10, $a);
if ($key !== false) {
unset($a[$key]);
}
print_r($a);
/*
Output:
Array
(
[0] => salam
[2] => 1
)
*/
<?php
$array = array("your array");
$array = array_diff($array, ["element you want to delete"]);
?>
Create your array in the variable $array and then where I have put 'element you want to delete' you put something like: "a". And if you want to delete multiple items then: "a", "b".
Use the following code:
$arr = array('orange', 'banana', 'apple', 'raspberry');
$result = array_pop($arr);
print_r($result);
Two ways for removing the first item of an array with keeping order of the index and also if you don't know the key name of the first item.
Solution #1
// 1 is the index of the first object to get
// NULL to get everything until the end
// true to preserve keys
$array = array_slice($array, 1, null, true);
Solution #2
// Rewinds the array's internal pointer to the first element
// and returns the value of the first array element.
$value = reset($array);
// Returns the index element of the current array position
$key = key($array);
unset($array[$key]);
For this sample data:
$array = array(10 => "a", 20 => "b", 30 => "c");
You must have this result:
array(2) {
[20]=>
string(1) "b"
[30]=>
string(1) "c"
}
Use array_search to get the key and remove it with unset if found:
if (($key = array_search('word', $array)) !== false) {
unset($array[$key]);
}
For associative arrays, with non-integer keys:
Simply, unset($array[$key]) would work.
For arrays having integer keys and if you want to maintain your keys:
$array = [ 'mango', 'red', 'orange', 'grapes'];unset($array[2]); $array = array_values($array);array_splice($array, 2, 1);
This may help...
<?php
$a1 = array("a"=>"red", "b"=>"green", "c"=>"blue", "d"=>"yellow");
$a2 = array("a"=>"purple", "b"=>"orange");
array_splice($a1, 0, 2, $a2);
print_r($a1);
?>
The result will be:
Array ( [0] => purple [1] => orange [c] => blue [d] => yellow )
$arrayName = array( '1' => 'somevalue',
'2' => 'somevalue1',
'3' => 'somevalue3',
);
print_r($arrayName[1]);
// somevalue
unset($arrayName[1]);
print_r($arrayName);
unset doesn't change the index, but array_splice does:
$arrayName = array('1' => 'somevalue',
'2' => 'somevalue1',
'3' => 'somevalue3',
500 => 'somevalue500',
);
echo $arrayName['500'];
//somevalue500
array_splice($arrayName, 1, 2);
print_r($arrayName);
//Array ( [0] => somevalue [1] => somevalue500 )
$arrayName = array( '1' => 'somevalue',
'2' => 'somevalue1',
'3' => 'somevalue3',
500 => 'somevalue500',
);
echo $arrayName['500'];
//somevalue500
unset($arrayName[1]);
print_r($arrayName);
//Array ( [0] => somevalue [1] => somevalue500 )
