The JPanel contentpane confusion

Question

I am learning Java Swing and I appended a menuBar to the frame. By default this should call jframe.getContentPane().add(child). When I ran the script the menuBar didn't show up. But the button was at the very top "y=0" if that makes sense.

Then I realized my mistake I actually had to put in a menu in the menubar. Then the menuBar showed up. So that got me thinking...is the "menubar" "contentpane" actually 2 panels? It is confusing the hell out of me. Because that acted a lot like a panel. But getContentPane() returns a Container, not a JPanel object so I'm confused.

If so, does that mean that the only thing that is dumped directly into a frame are just Jpanel objects? Hence JButtons, JLabels are not directly in a frame... Does that mean, jpanels are "nested"? One more thing that is confusing me. If a jpanel can control how things are positioned, what is a LayoutManager for? :S Thanks, and please answer as if to a 2yr old asking why the sky is blue,ha ;)

Answer 1

Some random thoughts:

• Yes, JPanels and other components are often "nested". This is where a firm understanding of the Swing/AWT layout managers is essential.
• While the type returned by a JFrame's getContentPane() is technically a Container, it's also a JPanel (which inherits eventually from Container).
• I believe that you can make anything that derives from Container the contentPane, but you need to take care that it is opaque.

Answer 2

for that there is method

frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);

for todays Java Swing GUI, is not neccesary declare ContentPane, from Java5, and with BorderLayout as default LayoutManager

then frame.add(myPanel); //is same as frame.add(myPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER) and occupated whole Container

basic stuff about how to use LayourManagers

Answer 3

getContentPane() always returns a Container instance. However, you should note that JPanel objects are Container instances, as well as other classes in the Swing framework. The actual class of the instance returned is irrelevant, as you do not have control over which implementation of Container is used as a contentPane (unless you have forced a specific contentPane), and most of the time this should not be a problem.

You can add many GUI widgets in a JFrame, such as JButton, JLabel, etc. However, they will be automatically added to the associated contentPane.

JPanel does not handle the objects positioning, the LayoutManager associated with your panel does; either automatically based on its own set of rules (e.g. FlowLayout), or by using the constraints you have specified when adding the object to the container (the GridBagLayout layout manager is a good example). The JavaDoc on the LayoutManagers usually contain enough information to get you started on using them.

You can have nested panels, yes. A Container can contain other Container instances. While it seems to be a complicated solution, it does enable you to control exactly how your GUI is displayed. Depending on which LayoutManager you are using, on the needs you have to fulfill with your user interface, and on your own preferences/habits as a developper, you might need less or more nested panels.

Answer 4

You need to see this API doc for JComponent.

If you look at the inheritance hierarchy, you will see that the JComponent extends Component so a JComponent is a Component.

Also under Direct Known Subclasses, you can see the list of all the classes that extend the JComponent including JMenuBar and JPanel.

So, JMenuBar and JPanel are two more specialized versions of JComponent (or Container).