How to copy a file to a remote server in Python using SCP or SSH?

Question

I have a text file on my local machine that is generated by a daily Python script run in cron.

I would like to add a bit of code to have that file sent securely to my server over SSH.

Answer 1

If you want the simple approach, this should work.

You'll want to ".close()" the file first so you know it's flushed to disk from Python.

import os
os.system("scp FILE USER@SERVER:PATH")
#e.g. os.system("scp foo.bar joe@srvr.net:/path/to/foo.bar")

You need to generate (on the source machine) and install (on the destination machine) an ssh key beforehand so that the scp automatically gets authenticated with your public ssh key (in other words, so your script doesn't ask for a password).

ssh-keygen example

Answer 2

To do this in Python (i.e. not wrapping scp through subprocess.Popen or similar) with the Paramiko library, you would do something like this:

import os
import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 
ssh.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser(os.path.join("~", ".ssh", "known_hosts")))
ssh.connect(server, username=username, password=password)
sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
sftp.close()
ssh.close()

(You would probably want to deal with unknown hosts, errors, creating any directories necessary, and so on).

Answer 3

You'd probably use the subprocess module. Something like this:

import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen(["scp", myfile, destination])
sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)

Where destination is probably of the form user@remotehost:remotepath. Thanks to @Charles Duffy for pointing out the weakness in my original answer, which used a single string argument to specify the scp operation shell=True - that wouldn't handle whitespace in paths.

The module documentation has examples of error checking that you may want to perform in conjunction with this operation.

Ensure that you've set up proper credentials so that you can perform an unattended, passwordless scp between the machines. There is a stackoverflow question for this already.

Answer 4

There are a couple of different ways to approach the problem:

1. Wrap command-line programs
2. use a Python library that provides SSH capabilities (eg - Paramiko or Twisted Conch)

Each approach has its own quirks. You will need to setup SSH keys to enable password-less logins if you are wrapping system commands like "ssh", "scp" or "rsync." You can embed a password in a script using Paramiko or some other library, but you might find the lack of documentation frustrating, especially if you are not familiar with the basics of the SSH connection (eg - key exchanges, agents, etc). It probably goes without saying that SSH keys are almost always a better idea than passwords for this sort of stuff.

NOTE: its hard to beat rsync if you plan on transferring files via SSH, especially if the alternative is plain old scp.

I've used Paramiko with an eye towards replacing system calls but found myself drawn back to the wrapped commands due to their ease of use and immediate familiarity. You might be different. I gave Conch the once-over some time ago but it didn't appeal to me.

If opting for the system-call path, Python offers an array of options such as os.system or the commands/subprocess modules. I'd go with the subprocess module if using version 2.4+.

Answer 5

Reached the same problem, but instead of "hacking" or emulating command line:

Found this answer here.

from paramiko import SSHClient
from scp import SCPClient

ssh = SSHClient()
ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.connect('example.com')

with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp:
    scp.put('test.txt', 'test2.txt')
    scp.get('test2.txt')

Answer 6

fabric could be used to upload files vis ssh:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from fabric.api import execute, put
from fabric.network import disconnect_all

if __name__=="__main__":
    import sys
    # specify hostname to connect to and the remote/local paths
    srcdir, remote_dirname, hostname = sys.argv[1:]
    try:
        s = execute(put, srcdir, remote_dirname, host=hostname)
        print(repr(s))
    finally:
        disconnect_all()

Answer 7

You can use the vassal package, which is exactly designed for this.

All you need is to install vassal and do

from vassal.terminal import Terminal
shell = Terminal(["scp username@host:/home/foo.txt foo_local.txt"])
shell.run()

Also, it will save you authenticate credential and don't need to type them again and again.

Answer 8

Calling scp command via subprocess doesn't allow to receive the progress report inside the script. pexpect could be used to extract that info:

import pipes
import re
import pexpect # $ pip install pexpect

def progress(locals):
    # extract percents
    print(int(re.search(br'(\d+)%$', locals['child'].after).group(1)))

command = "scp %s %s" % tuple(map(pipes.quote, [srcfile, destination]))
pexpect.run(command, events={r'\d+%': progress})

See python copy file in local network (linux -> linux)

Answer 9

from paramiko import SSHClient
from scp import SCPClient
import os

ssh = SSHClient() 
ssh.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser(os.path.join("~", ".ssh", "known_hosts")))
ssh.connect(server, username='username', password='password')
with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp:
        scp.put('test.txt', 'test2.txt')

Answer 10

I used sshfs to mount the remote directory via ssh, and shutil to copy the files:

$ mkdir ~/sshmount
$ sshfs user@remotehost:/path/to/remote/dst ~/sshmount

Then in python:

import shutil
shutil.copy('a.txt', '~/sshmount')

This method has the advantage that you can stream data over if you are generating data rather than caching locally and sending a single large file.

Answer 11

Try this if you wan't to use SSL certificates:

import subprocess

try:
    # Set scp and ssh data.
    connUser = 'john'
    connHost = 'my.host.com'
    connPath = '/home/john/'
    connPrivateKey = '/home/user/myKey.pem'

    # Use scp to send file from local to host.
    scp = subprocess.Popen(['scp', '-i', connPrivateKey, 'myFile.txt', '{}@{}:{}'.format(connUser, connHost, connPath)])

except CalledProcessError:
    print('ERROR: Connection to host failed!')

Answer 12

a very simple approach is the following:

import os
os.system('sshpass -p "password" scp user@host:/path/to/file ./')

no python library are required (only os) and it works

Answer 13

Kind of hacky, but the following should work :)

import os
filePath = "/foo/bar/baz.py"
serverPath = "/blah/boo/boom.py"
os.system("scp "+filePath+" user@myserver.com:"+serverPath)