Building a Terminal Emulator for Android
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09-04-2021 - |
Question
I've been trying to build a Terminal Emulator for Android. Being pretty new to this, my idea was to execute each command and store the output in a file, whose contents would be displayed after each execution. Pseudo Code :
public Boolean execCommands(String command) {
try {
rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
process = rt.exec("su");
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());
os.writeBytes("echo $ \""+command+ "\" >> /sdcard/Android/data/terminalemulatorlog.txt\n\n\n");
/**** Note : String command = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.command).getText().toString(); ****/
os.flush();
os.writeBytes("exit\n");
os.flush();
process.waitFor();
}
// Error Handling
displayOutput(); //Loads and displays the Text File (/sdcard/Android/data/terminalemulatorlog.txt)
return true;
}
This piece of code works except for a few special commands (Eg. 'clear'). But what I'm more concerned about are the following problems :
- Each time a command is to be executed, I end up seeking SuperUser permissions (second line of code). And I'd like to do away with this.
In cases when the user enters one command followed by another,
Such as :cd /sdcard touch File.txt
The File.txt is created in '/' and not in '/sdcard'. As of now to avoid this, I'm keeping a track of all the 'cd' commands to figure out what the present working directory is. And I'm hoping that there is a better way around this.
I'd be grateful if someone could help me out here.
Solution
Not sure if you are still needing this or not, but here is how I am issuing multiple commands at one time and not using "su" to have them run.
try {
String[] commands = {
"dumpstate > /sdcard/LogFiles/dumpstate.txt",
"dumpsys > /sdcard/LogFiles/dumpsys.txt",
"logcat -d > /sdcard/LogFiles/log.txt",
"cat /sdcard/LogFiles/dumpstate.txt /sdcard/LogFiles/dumpsys.txt /sdcard/LogFiles/log.txt > /sdcard/LogFiles/bugreport.rtf" };
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/sh -");
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(p.getOutputStream());
for (String tmpCmd : commands) {
os.writeBytes(tmpCmd + "\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
OTHER TIPS
This a bit late but here a few ways of doing this.
1)
Instead of using su as a starting point use /system/bin/sh.
and after calling
rt.exec("/system/bin/sh");
You should hold onto the Output Stream and Input Stream to give further commands.
After you issued a command you should echo a magic line like "---EOF---" and stop reading input after reading that line. If you don't have this you'll end up with the read function from the InputStream blocking.
2) Pipe the data to a native process you've written that simply moves the data on to your Android Application with a terminating character or string attached to the end.
I am not entirely sure how to do this, but it is essentially the same as the previous method just relies on you native application as a middle man.
This will get you close to a functioning "Terminal Emulator".
3)If you wan't a true Ternimal Emulator then there's no other way to do it than : using a native application that opens a connection to a psuedoterminal.
Here's some basic information of how to open a pty : link
Terminal Emulator is a open source project that uses this technique.
Have a look here
Regarding problem 1:
Each time a command is to be executed, I end up seeking SuperUser permissions (second line of code). And I'd like to do away with this.
Thanks to Xonar's suggestion from another answer:
After you issued a command you should echo a magic line like "---EOF---" and stop reading input after reading that line.
Solution in Kotlin:
private lateinit var suProcess: Process
private lateinit var outputStream: DataOutputStream
private fun getSu(): Boolean {
return try {
suProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su")
outputStream = DataOutputStream(suProcess.outputStream)
true
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
false
}
}
private fun sudo(command: String): List<String>? {
return try {
outputStream.writeBytes("$command\n")
outputStream.flush()
outputStream.writeBytes("echo ---EOF---\n")
outputStream.flush()
val reader = suProcess.inputStream.bufferedReader()
val result = mutableListOf<String>()
while (true) {
val line = reader.readLine()
if (line == "---EOF---") break
result += line
}
result
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
null
}
}
private fun exitTerminal() {
try {
outputStream.writeBytes("exit\n")
outputStream.flush()
suProcess.waitFor()
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
} finally {
outputStream.close()
}
}
//Activity method
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
exitTerminal()
}