Cartesian to Polar (3d coordinates)

Question

How do you convert between Cartesian and Polar (and back) coordinate systems in 3D space? Preferably with a c# example but anything would really be appreciated. Thanks!

Edit When 20% of the change is taken into account (not forming a sphere)

Edit 2

private void Spherise() {
        for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Count; i++) {
            float radius = this.radius;
            float longitude = 0;
            float latitude = 0;

            float sphereRadius = 32;

            Color color = vertices[i].Color;

            ToPolar(vertices[i].Position - centre, out radius, out longitude, out latitude);
            Vector3 position = ToCartesian(sphereRadius, longitude, latitude) + centre;

            Vector3 normal = vertices[i].Position - centre;
            normal.Normalize();

            const float lerpAmount = 0.6f;
            Vector3 lerp = (position - vertices[i].Position) * lerpAmount + vertices[i].Position;
            vertices[i] = new VertexPositionColorNormal(lerp, color, normal);
        }
    }

    private void ToPolar(Vector3 cart, out float radius, out float longitude, out float latitude) {
        radius = (float)Math.Sqrt((double)(cart.X * cart.X + cart.Y * cart.Y + cart.Z * cart.Z));
        longitude = (float)Math.Acos(cart.X / Math.Sqrt(cart.X * cart.X + cart.Y * cart.Y)) * (cart.Y < 0 ? -1 : 1);
        latitude = (float)Math.Acos(cart.Z / radius) * (cart.Z < 0 ? -1 : 1);
    }

    private Vector3 ToCartesian(float radius, float longitude, float latitude) {
        float x = radius * (float)(Math.Sin(latitude) * Math.Cos(longitude));
        float y = radius * (float)(Math.Sin(latitude) * Math.Sin(longitude));
        float z = radius * (float)Math.Cos(latitude);

        return new Vector3(x, y, z);
    }

Answer 1

From Cartesian to Polar:

r = sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z)
long = acos(x / sqrt(x * x + y * y)) * (y < 0 ? -1 : 1)
lat = acos(z / r)

From Polar to Cartesian:

x = r * sin(lat) * cos(long)
y = r * sin(lat) * sin(long)
z = r * cos(lat)

I haven't tested it yet.

You can rewrite to reduce number of floating point operations.

Answer 2

It depends on how the azimuth is measured - from the horizontal plane or from the vertical axis. I've read the Wikipedia article, but If you measure it as geographical latitude (Equator=0, Poles =+90 and -90) then you should use asin and sin.

I'm using c# in a 3D-Modelling software and there the azimuth is measured with respect to the xy-Plane and not to the z-Axis. In my case the formulas are:

lat = asin(z / r)

x = r * cos(lat) * cos(long)

y = r * cos(lat) * sin(long)

z = r * sin(lat)