melt / reshape in excel using VBA?
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13-06-2021 - |
Question
I'm currently adjusting to a new job where most of the work I share with colleagues is via MS Excel. I am using pivot tables frequently, and therefore need "stacked" data, precisely the output of the melt()
function in the reshape
(reshape2) package in R that I've come to rely on for this.
Could anyone get me started on a VBA macro to accomplish this, or does one exist already?
The outline of the macro would be:
- Select a range of cells in an Excel workbook.
- Start "melt" macro.
- Macro would create a prompt, "Enter number of id columns", where you would enter the number preceding columns of identifying information. (for the example R code below it's 4).
- Create a new worksheet in the excel file titled "melt" that would stack the data, and create a new column titled "variable" equal to the data column headers from the original selection.
In other words, the output would look exactly the same as the output of simply executing these two lines in R:
require(reshape)
melt(your.unstacked.dataframe, id.vars = 1:4)
Here's an example:
# unstacked data
> df1
Year Month Country Sport No_wins No_losses High_score Total_games
2 2010 5 USA Soccer 4 3 5 9
3 2010 6 USA Soccer 5 3 4 8
4 2010 5 CAN Soccer 2 9 7 11
5 2010 6 CAN Soccer 4 8 4 13
6 2009 5 USA Soccer 8 1 4 9
7 2009 6 USA Soccer 0 0 3 2
8 2009 5 CAN Soccer 2 0 6 3
9 2009 6 CAN Soccer 3 0 8 3
# stacking the data
> require(reshape)
> melt(df1, id.vars=1:4)
Year Month Country Sport variable value
1 2010 5 USA Soccer No_wins 4
2 2010 6 USA Soccer No_wins 5
3 2010 5 CAN Soccer No_wins 2
4 2010 6 CAN Soccer No_wins 4
5 2009 5 USA Soccer No_wins 8
6 2009 6 USA Soccer No_wins 0
7 2009 5 CAN Soccer No_wins 2
8 2009 6 CAN Soccer No_wins 3
9 2010 5 USA Soccer No_losses 3
10 2010 6 USA Soccer No_losses 3
11 2010 5 CAN Soccer No_losses 9
12 2010 6 CAN Soccer No_losses 8
13 2009 5 USA Soccer No_losses 1
14 2009 6 USA Soccer No_losses 0
15 2009 5 CAN Soccer No_losses 0
16 2009 6 CAN Soccer No_losses 0
17 2010 5 USA Soccer High_score 5
18 2010 6 USA Soccer High_score 4
19 2010 5 CAN Soccer High_score 7
20 2010 6 CAN Soccer High_score 4
21 2009 5 USA Soccer High_score 4
22 2009 6 USA Soccer High_score 3
23 2009 5 CAN Soccer High_score 6
24 2009 6 CAN Soccer High_score 8
25 2010 5 USA Soccer Total_games 9
26 2010 6 USA Soccer Total_games 8
27 2010 5 CAN Soccer Total_games 11
28 2010 6 CAN Soccer Total_games 13
29 2009 5 USA Soccer Total_games 9
30 2009 6 USA Soccer Total_games 2
31 2009 5 CAN Soccer Total_games 3
32 2009 6 CAN Soccer Total_games 3
Solution
I've got two posts, with usable code and downloadable workbook, on doing this in Excel/VBA on my blog:
http://yoursumbuddy.com/data-normalizer
http://yoursumbuddy.com/data-normalizer-the-sql/
Here's the code:
'Arguments
'List: The range to be normalized.
'RepeatingColsCount: The number of columns, starting with the leftmost,
' whose headings remain the same.
'NormalizedColHeader: The column header for the rolled-up category.
'DataColHeader: The column header for the normalized data.
'NewWorkbook: Put the sheet with the data in a new workbook?
'
'NOTE: The data must be in a contiguous range and the
'columns that will be repeated must be to the left,
'with the columns to be normalized to the right.
Sub NormalizeList(List As Excel.Range, RepeatingColsCount As Long, _
NormalizedColHeader As String, DataColHeader As String, _
Optional NewWorkbook As Boolean = False)
Dim FirstNormalizingCol As Long, NormalizingColsCount As Long
Dim ColsToRepeat As Excel.Range, ColsToNormalize As Excel.Range
Dim NormalizedRowsCount As Long
Dim RepeatingList() As String
Dim NormalizedList() As Variant
Dim ListIndex As Long, i As Long, j As Long
Dim wbSource As Excel.Workbook, wbTarget As Excel.Workbook
Dim wsTarget As Excel.Worksheet
With List
'If the normalized list won't fit, you must quit.
If .Rows.Count * (.Columns.Count - RepeatingColsCount) > .Parent.Rows.Count Then
MsgBox "The normalized list will be too many rows.", _
vbExclamation + vbOKOnly, "Sorry"
Exit Sub
End If
'You have the range to be normalized and the count of leftmost rows to be repeated.
'This section uses those arguments to set the two ranges to parse
'and the two corresponding arrays to fill
FirstNormalizingCol = RepeatingColsCount + 1
NormalizingColsCount = .Columns.Count - RepeatingColsCount
Set ColsToRepeat = .Cells(1).Resize(.Rows.Count, RepeatingColsCount)
Set ColsToNormalize = .Cells(1, FirstNormalizingCol).Resize(.Rows.Count, NormalizingColsCount)
NormalizedRowsCount = ColsToNormalize.Columns.Count * .Rows.Count
ReDim RepeatingList(1 To NormalizedRowsCount, 1 To RepeatingColsCount)
ReDim NormalizedList(1 To NormalizedRowsCount, 1 To 2)
End With
'Fill in every i elements of the repeating array with the repeating row labels.
For i = 1 To NormalizedRowsCount Step NormalizingColsCount
ListIndex = ListIndex + 1
For j = 1 To RepeatingColsCount
RepeatingList(i, j) = List.Cells(ListIndex, j).Value2
Next j
Next i
'We stepped over most rows above, so fill in other repeating array elements.
For i = 1 To NormalizedRowsCount
For j = 1 To RepeatingColsCount
If RepeatingList(i, j) = "" Then
RepeatingList(i, j) = RepeatingList(i - 1, j)
End If
Next j
Next i
'Fill in each element of the first dimension of the normalizing array
'with the former column header (which is now another row label) and the data.
With ColsToNormalize
For i = 1 To .Rows.Count
For j = 1 To .Columns.Count
NormalizedList(((i - 1) * NormalizingColsCount) + j, 1) = .Cells(1, j)
NormalizedList(((i - 1) * NormalizingColsCount) + j, 2) = .Cells(i, j)
Next j
Next i
End With
'Put the normal data in the same workbook, or a new one.
If NewWorkbook Then
Set wbTarget = Workbooks.Add
Set wsTarget = wbTarget.Worksheets(1)
Else
Set wbSource = List.Parent.Parent
With wbSource.Worksheets
Set wsTarget = .Add(after:=.Item(.Count))
End With
End If
With wsTarget
'Put the data from the two arrays in the new worksheet.
.Range("A1").Resize(NormalizedRowsCount, RepeatingColsCount) = RepeatingList
.Cells(1, FirstNormalizingCol).Resize(NormalizedRowsCount, 2) = NormalizedList
'At this point there will be repeated header rows, so delete all but one.
.Range("1:" & NormalizingColsCount - 1).EntireRow.Delete
'Add the headers for the new label column and the data column.
.Cells(1, FirstNormalizingCol).Value = NormalizedColHeader
.Cells(1, FirstNormalizingCol + 1).Value = DataColHeader
End With
End Sub
You’d call it like this:
Sub TestIt()
NormalizeList ActiveSheet.UsedRange, 4, "Variable", "Value", False
End Sub
OTHER TIPS
Microsoft recently came out with Power Query, an Excel Add-In which adds a lot of interesting functions and capabilities to data manipulation from within Excel, including what you're looking for.
The actual function within the Add-In is called "Unpivot Columns", which is explained in this article. Here's the gist of it:
- Download and install the add-in
- Open up your Excel/CSV file
- Select the table/range you want to melt/reshape
- In the "Power Query" tab, click on "From Table", which will open the "Query Editor"
- Select the columns you want to melt/reshape (ctrl or shift-select, don't drag)
- In the "Transform" tab click on "Unpivot Columns" (you can also apply other transformations here before returning to Excel)
- In the "Home" tab click "Close & Load". This will create a new table/query object in Excel with the desired result.
For anyone looking for a visual way to normalize excel data, see this video tutorial:
or use:
Sub M_snb_000()
With sheet1.Cells(1).CurrentRegion
sn = .Resize(, .Columns.Count + 1)
End With
For j = 4 To UBound(sn, 2) - 1
With Sheet2.Cells(2 + (UBound(sn) - 1) * (j - 4), 1)
.Resize(UBound(sn) - 1, 5) = Application.Index(sn, Evaluate("row(2:"
& UBound(sn) & ")"), Array(1, 2, 3,UBound(sn, 2), j))
.Resize(UBound(sn) - 1, 1).Offset(, 3) = sn(1, j)
End With
Next
End Sub
First create a Userform and name it Unpivot_Form with two RefEdit fields - rng_id and value_id and a submit/go button. I am also an R user and rng_id is the range that contains the id while value_id contains the value; both range inclusive of header.
Do two macro:
Sub unpivot()
Unpivot_Form.Show
End Sub
Another macro is within the submit/go button of the field:
Private Sub submit_Click()
'Code to unpivot (convert wide to long for excel)
Dim rng_id, rng_id_header, val_id As Range
Dim colvar, emptyrow, col As Integer
Dim new_sheet As Worksheet
'Put val_id range into a range object
Set val_id = Range(value_id.Value)
'Determine the parameter for the value id range
'This is used for the looping later on
numrows = val_id.Rows.Count
numcols = val_id.Columns.Count
'Resize changes the "block" to the size defined by the row and column
'Offset moves the "block"
Set rng_id_header = Range(range_id.Value).Resize(1)
Set rng_id = Range(range_id.Value).Offset(1, 0).Resize(numrows - 1)
Set new_sheet = Worksheets.Add
'Set up the first column and first batch of id vars
new_sheet.Activate
Range("A65535").End(xlUp).Activate
rng_id_header.Copy ActiveCell
colvar = Range("XFD1").End(xlToLeft).Column + 1
Range("XFD1").End(xlToLeft).Offset(, 1).Value = "Variable"
Range("XFD1").End(xlToLeft).Offset(, 1).Value = "Value"
'Start populating the value ids
For col = 1 To numcols
'populate var_id
'determine last row
emptyrow = Range("A65535").End(xlUp).Row + 1
'no need to activate to source to copy
rng_id.Copy new_sheet.Cells(emptyrow, 1)
'copy the variable
val_id.Offset(, col - 1).Resize(1, 1).Copy new_sheet.Range(Cells(emptyrow, colvar), Cells(emptyrow + numrows - 2, colvar))
'copy the value
val_id.Offset(1, col - 1).Resize(numrows - 1, 1).Copy new_sheet.Range(Cells(emptyrow, colvar + 1), Cells(emptyrow + numrows - 2, colvar + 1))
Next
Unload Me
End Sub
Enjoy!