How do I query a junction table

Question

Using Entity Framework/LINQ, I need help with the following.

The database has a table of People with an identity column of PersonId. There is also a Skills table with an identity column of SkillId. These two are connected via a third table PeopleSkills that has its own identity column PeopleSkillsId, a foreign column referencing PersonId and a foreign column referencing SkillId.

The method that I am trying to write is passed a parameter of type List that contains any number of skills that we are looking for. The method should return a List who are linked to all of the skills in the input parameter list. How do I build a list that excludes anyone without all of the skills in the Skills list?

The problem I'm having is that I have very little SQL experience. I do have lots of other programming experience, but SQL is always a bit rough for me. I thought about using a Join, but that's not going to work. i.e. if my person has skills A & B, and the search list has elements for B & C, a join would match them on B and return the person. I need this person to be excluded because he doesn't have both B & C.

I also thought about iterating through the skills list and building a filter, but that seems ugly. This just seems like a problem that LINQ was built to handle, using a List to query another List, and that there should be an elegant solution to.

Answer 1

This could work:

public List<Person> GetPeopleWithAllSkills(List<Skill> skills)
{
    var skillIds = skills.Select(s => s.SkillId);

    return context.People.Where(
        p => skillIds.All(id => p.PeopleSkills.Any(ps => ps.SkillId == id)))
        .ToList();
}

Give me the people that fulfill the condition that all given skills exist (Any) in the list of skills of those people. (They may have more than the given skills but not less.)

Answer 2

I used LinqPad, which uses Linq-to-SQL instead of Linq to Entities, but the concepts should be the same.

First, the data I used to test.

create table People (PersonID int, Name varchar(100))
create table Skills (SkillID int, Skill varchar(100))
create table PeopleSkills (PeopleSkillsID int, PersonID int, SkillID int)

insert People values (1,'Bert'),(2,'Bob'),(3,'Phil'),(4,'Janet')
insert Skills values (1,'C#'),(2,'Linq'),(3,'SQL')
insert PeopleSkills values (1,1,1),(2,1,2),(3,1,3),(4,2,1),(5,2,3),(6,3,2),(7,3,3),(8,4,1),(9,4,2),(10,4,3)

And the solution.

//I don't know how you are specifying your list of skills; for explanatory purposes
//I just generate a list.  So, our test skill set is C#, Linq, and SQL.
//int? is used because of LinqToSQL complains about converting int? to int
var skills = new List<int?>(){1,2,3}; 
//This initial query is also a small bow to LinqToSQL; Really I just wanted a plain
//List so that the Except and Any clauses can be used in the final query.
//LinqToSQL can apparently only use Contains; that may or may not be an issue with
//LinqToEntities.  Also, its not a bad idea to filter the people we need to look at
//in case there are a large number anyway.
var peopleOfInterest = PeopleSkills.Where( p => skills.Contains(p.SkillID)).ToList();   

//Final query is relatively simple, using the !x.Except(y).Any() method to 
//determine if one list is a subset of another or not.
var peopleWithAllSkills = 
    //Get a distinct list of people
    from person in peopleOfInterest.Select( p=>p.PersonID).Distinct()
    //determine what skills they have
    let personSkills = peopleOfInterest.Where(x=>x.PersonID == person).Select(x=>x.SkillID)
    //check to see if any of the skills we are looking for are not skills they have
    where !skills.Except(personSkills).Any()
    select person;