Unable to 'SELECT INTO' when value doesn't exist

Question

SELECT Value1 INTO lValue
FROM   Table1
WHERE  Field1 = lTempValue;

This works fine when the match is true. But if the match isn't true, I receive an error.

ORA-01403: no data found

Ideally, that's fine with me because I'm going to check that value next to see if it's above 0 and if it is, use that value in an insert query. I don't want to check for the value and then have to run the same query to retrieve it essentially, I want to do it in one query if possible, but I can't figure out how that is done.

If there's a value, then I want that value to go into lValue. If there is no value, then I want 0 to go into lValue. Anyone got any ideas? I've only done a quick google check, but it came up dry. Figured I'd post this while looking. Thanks for the help.

Answer 1

Normally, you'd simply catch the exception

BEGIN
  SELECT value1
    INTO lValue
    FROM table1
   WHERE field1 = lTempValue;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN no_data_found
  THEN
    lvalue := 0;
END;

You can write less code by using NVL and an aggregate function (either MIN or MAX) but that tends to be a bit less obvious (note, for example, that those answers had to get revised a couple of times). And it requires whoever comes after you to pause for a moment to understand what you are doing (and whether you are doing it correctly or not). A simple nested PL/SQL block is pretty common and pretty self-explanatory.

More than that, however, it doesn't hide bugs due to duplicate rows. If you happen to get two rows in table1 where field1 is lTempValue, catching just the no_data_found exception allows the unexpected too_many_rows exception to propagate up to the caller. Since you don't expect to have multiple rows, that is exactly the behavior that you want. Using aggregate functions hides the fact that the underlying data has problems causing you to return potentially incorrect results and making it impossible to detect that there is a problem. I would always rather get an error as soon as something is causing duplicate rows to appear-- allowing me to fix the problem before it gets out of hand-- rather than finding out years later that we've got millions of duplicate rows, that the code has been occasionally returning incorrect results, and that we have a huge data cleansing effort after addressing the root cause.

Answer 2

As an alternative to Justin Cave's suggestion, you can rewrite the query slightly so that it always returns a row — something like this:

SELECT NVL(Value1, 0) INTO lValue
FROM   Table1
RIGHT
JOIN   dual
ON     Field1 = lTempValue

Answer 3

It seems that everyone is really overcomplicating this, do this assuming your values aren't weird types like record or clobs:

SELECT NVL(MIN(Value1), 0) INTO lValue
FROM   Table1
WHERE  Field1 = lTempValue;

Answer 4

I would do it as a cursor- just to be safe (since, I don't like the idea of stray PLSQL blocks like BEGIN ....END; inside my stored procedure), something like

CREATE OR REPLACE .....
...

 CURSOR c_get_val IS
 SELECT Value1 
 FROM   Table1
 WHERE  Field1 = lTempValue;

 lValue    Table1.Value1%TYPE;
 lTempValue  Table1.Table1%TYPE;

and then,

BEGIN
...
....
 /* populate lTempValue */

 OPEN c_get_val;
 FETCH c_get_val INTO lValue;
 if c_get_val%NOTFOUND    --this is where you handle ORA-01403: no data found
 then
   lValue := 0;
   /*or call a function, do some other stuff*/
 end if;
 CLOSE c_get_val; 
...
...
EXCEPTION
  /*do some smart exception handling here*/
END;

Some info on cursors, and more, and some more.

Answer 5

BEGIN
  SELECT value1
    INTO lValue
    FROM table1
   WHERE field1 = lTempValue;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN no_data_found
  THEN
    lvalue := 0;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN too_many_rows
  THEN
    lvalue := 0;
END;