Okay, after looking at this for awhile it seems I was making two mistakes.
The lib directory for irrKlang is divided in two, so instead of adding (IRRKLANGDIRECTORY)\lib to my library directories, I should have been using (IRRKLANGDIRECTORY)\lib\Win32-visualStudio.
Including the lib directory wasn't sufficient, I also needed to specify the use of the irrklang library file at the top of my class (#pragma comment(lib, "irrklang.lib")).