Generating line numbers in exception stack traces is a built-in feature for the CLR. You do however have to provide the information it needs to map a code address to a line number. Switch to the Release configuration of your project. Project + Properties, Compile tab, Advanced Compile Options. Change the "Generate debug info" setting from pdb-only to Full. Deploy the .pdb files along with your program.
Beware that the line number you get is always an estimate so do not blindly trust what you see. The mapping is imperfect due to the jitter optimizer inlining methods and otherwise moving code around to make the program run faster.