You will want to use event.setCancelled(true)
.
If the code you have currently is working you must be using the old event API (and an old version of bukkit), I suggest you upgrade bukkit. Code using the new event API would look something like this:
@EventHandler
public void onPlayerDamage(EntityDamageEvent event) {
if(godModed.containsKey(event.getEntity())) {
event.setCancelled(true);
}
}