Concurrent WCF calls via shared channel

Question

I have a web tier that forwards calls onto an application tier. The web tier uses a shared, cached channel to do so. The application tier services in question are stateless and have concurrency enabled.

But they are not being called concurrently.

If I alter the web tier to create a new channel on every call, then I do get concurrent calls onto the application tier. But I want to avoid that cost since it is functionally unnecessary for my scenario. I have no session state, and nor do I need to re-authenticate the caller each time. I understand that the creation of the channel factory is far more expensive than than the creation of the channels, but it is still a cost I'd like to avoid if possible.

I found this article on MSDN that states:

While channels and clients created by the channels are thread-safe, they might not support writing more than one message to the wire concurrently. If you are sending large messages, particularly if streaming, the send operation might block waiting for another send to complete.

Firstly, I'm not sending large messages (just a lot of small ones since I'm doing load testing) but am still seeing the blocking behavior. Secondly, this is rather open-ended and unhelpful documentation. It says they "might not" support writing more than one message but doesn't explain the scenarios under which they would support concurrent messages.

Can anyone shed some light on this?

Addendum: I am also considering creating a pool of channels that the web server uses to fulfill requests. But again, I see no reason why my existing approach should block and I'd rather avoid the complexity if possible.

Answer 1

After much ado, this all came down to the fact that I wasn't calling Open explicitly on the channel before using it. Apparently an implicit Open can preclude concurrency in some scenarios.

Answer 2

You can cache the WCF proxy, but still create a channel for each service call - this will ensure concurrency, is not very expensive in comparison to creating a channel from scratch, and re-authentication for each call will not be necessary. This is explained on Wenlong Dong's blog - "Performance Improvement for WCF Client Proxy Creation in .NET 3.5 and Best Practices" (a much better source of WCF information and guidance than MSDN).

Answer 3

Just for completeness: Here is a blog entry explaining the observed behavior of request serialization when not opening the channel explicitly:

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/wenlong/archive/2007/10/26/best-practice-always-open-wcf-client-proxy-explicitly-when-it-is-shared.aspx