You can use the -s command line argument to show the source for an error message.
$ phpcs temp.php -s
FILE: /Users/gsherwood/Sites/Projects/PHP_CodeSniffer/temp.php
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FOUND 4 ERROR(S) AFFECTING 2 LINE(S)
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2 | ERROR | Missing file doc comment (PEAR.Commenting.FileComment.Missing)
2 | ERROR | Missing class doc comment (PEAR.Commenting.ClassComment.Missing)
2 | ERROR | Opening brace of a class must be on the line after the definition
| | (PEAR.Classes.ClassDeclaration.OpenBraceNewLine)
3 | ERROR | Missing function doc comment
| | (PEAR.Commenting.FunctionComment.Missing)
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Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 4.50Mb
You can also use the source report to show a list of all failed sniffs.
$ phpcs temp.php --report=source
PHP CODE SNIFFER VIOLATION SOURCE SUMMARY
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STANDARD CATEGORY SNIFF COUNT
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PEAR Commenting File comment missing 1
PEAR Commenting Class comment missing 1
PEAR Classes Class declaration open brace new line 1
PEAR Commenting Function comment missing 1
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A TOTAL OF 4 SNIFF VIOLATION(S) WERE FOUND IN 4 SOURCE(S)
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Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 4.75Mb
$ phpcs temp.php --report=source -s
PHP CODE SNIFFER VIOLATION SOURCE SUMMARY
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SOURCE COUNT
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PEAR.Commenting.FileComment.Missing 1
PEAR.Commenting.ClassComment.Missing 1
PEAR.Classes.ClassDeclaration.OpenBraceNewLine 1
PEAR.Commenting.FunctionComment.Missing 1
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A TOTAL OF 4 SNIFF VIOLATION(S) WERE FOUND IN 4 SOURCE(S)
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Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 4.75Mb