Node supports TCP, UDP, and unix sockets. Ping packets are ICMP packets, which node cannot create directly at this time. You could execute an external ping
subprocess or consider writing a C extension. Most of node's low level OS APIs are thin javascript wrappers around the corresponding C API, so you could follow that existing well-established pattern and implement this as a small JS wrapper layer around the corresponding OS-level APIs.
http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/all.html#all_class_net_socket
There's a chance node/javascript are a poor choice for your project based on this requirement though.