The main issue with your approach is that you are moving the container instead of its children. In order to achieve a carousel the children will have to be shuffled while off screen to their appropriate location in the queue.
I have modified your jsfiddle with an example solution. http://jsfiddle.net/HZRSZ/4/
The javascript would look something like this:
$('#scroll-left').click(function() {
$('.inner').first() //select the first child
//animate its movement left by using the left margin
.animate({'margin-left':'-=100px'}, function() {
//then once the item is off screen move it to the other side
//of the list and reset its margin
$(this).appendTo('.wrapper').css('margin-left', '');
});
});
and the movement to the right is the same as left just reversed
$('#scroll-right').click(function() {
$('.inner').last()
.css('margin-left', '-=100')
.prependTo('.wrapper')
.animate({'margin-left':'+=100'});
});