You could do:
String currencySymbol = Currency.getInstance(Locale.getDefault()).getSymbol();
System.out.printf("%s%8.2f\n", currencySymbol, 1.23);
System.out.printf("%s%8.2f\n", currencySymbol, 12.34);
System.out.printf("%s%8.2f\n", currencySymbol, 123.45);
Note: this will only work for currencies whose symbols appear before the amount.
Also be alert to the fact that doubles are not suitable for representing currency.