C++ templates and derived classes

Question

I am trying to understand the following code. Derived is a derived structure from T and what does "," means and then Fallback {}

template <class T>
struct has_FlowTraits<T, true>
{
  struct Fallback { bool flow; };
  struct Derived : T, Fallback { };   //What does it means ?

  template<typename C>
  static char (&f(SameType<bool Fallback::*, &C::flow>*))[1];

  template<typename C>
  static char (&f(...))[2];

public:
  static bool const value = sizeof(f<Derived>(0)) == 2;
};

Answer 1

It's an implementation of Member Detector Idiom. It uses SFINAE to check whether type T has got a member called flow.

Edit: The comma part you're asking about is multiple inheritance. Struct Derived is (publicly) inheriting from both T and Fallback.

Answer 2

It's just multiple inheritance. The following is a Derived that is derived from T (and provides no further definition):

struct Derived : T { };

And the following is a Derived that is derived from both T and Fallback:

struct Derived : T, Fallback { };

That is, Derived will inherit the members of T and the members of Fallback. In this case, since Derived is a struct, the inheritance is by default public inheritence.

Answer 3

It means:

inside the definition of has_FlowTraits struct, you also define a new struct which is called Derived.

You say that this struct Derived is inheriting the type T, and the type Fallback. ( If you look at the line before, the struct Fallback has just been defined).

the {} simply means that there are no more details of implementation. No more method or attribute definition is needed for this type to be useful.

Answer 4

The comma means it derives either publicly or privately (depending on whether the T or Fallback is a struct or class) from those two classes. The comma simply includes those classes as those from which Derive will derive.