Apparently PMTUD is a better solution to this (RFC 4821). It can be enabled in AOSP builds in init.rc (e.g. system/core/rootdir/init.rc) by adding following lines at the end of section "on boot":
on boot
# Other configurations here...
# Set TCP MTU Probing to automatic:
write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_mtu_probing 1