Highchart give access to click event for developers. For example take a look at the following example. http://www.highcharts.com/demo/line-ajax
Click event tells you a lot about which point and series did you clicked on (xAxix, yAxis, seriesName, you can even add custom options to your point to retrieve them through click event). You can retrieve which column the user clicked on and refresh your table according to the data of that column. Since you have the inner graph data after learning the outer graph point, getting the inner data would be much simpler I guess.