Try:
tell application "System Events"
set frontProcess to name of first process whose frontmost = true
tell process frontProcess
get every menu item of menu 1 of menu bar item 2 of menu bar 1
end tell
end tell
EDIT
Once you have this list you can parse each menu item's attributes:
tell application "System Events"
set frontProcess to name of first process whose frontmost = true
tell process frontProcess
set myMenuItems to get every menu item of menu 1 of menu bar item 2 of menu bar 1
set myList to {}
repeat with aMenuItem in myMenuItems
set end of myList to aMenuItem's name
set end of myList to value of aMenuItem's attribute "AXMenuItemCmdChar"
set end of myList to value of aMenuItem's attribute "AXMenuItemCmdModifiers"
end repeat
end tell
end tell