There are no Android APIs that allow you to access, read or write to the audio stream in a call. If any manufacturer provides these APIs, I am not aware of them.
The reason for this is that, at least for AOSP Android, the call part of the device is handled on a hardware level, and not much control is available to Android itself.
It is not possible via the NDK either. The only way you'd have a chance of achieving this is if you were to modify and build Android directly from source.