Python script to list users and groups

Question

I'm attempting to code a script that outputs each user and their group on their own line like so:

user1 group1  
user2 group1  
user3 group2  
...  
user10 group6

etc.

I'm writing up a script in python for this but was wondering how SO might do this.

p.s. Take a whack at it in any language but I'd prefer python.

EDIT: I'm working on Linux. Ubuntu 8.10 or CentOS =)

Answer 1

For *nix, you have the pwd and grp modules. You iterate through pwd.getpwall() to get all users. You look up their group names with grp.getgrgid(gid).

import pwd, grp
for p in pwd.getpwall():
    print p[0], grp.getgrgid(p[3])[0]

Answer 2

the grp module is your friend. Look at grp.getgrall() to get a list of all groups and their members.

EDIT example:

import grp
groups = grp.getgrall()
for group in groups:
    for user in group[3]:
        print user, group[0]

Answer 3

sh/bash:

getent passwd | cut -f1 -d: | while read name; do echo -n "$name " ; groups $name ; done

Answer 4

The python call to grp.getgrall() only shows the local groups, unlike the call to getgrouplist c function which retruns all users, e.g. also users in sssd that is backed by an ldap but has enumeration turned off. (like in FreeIPA). After searching for the easiest way to get all groups a users belongs to in python the best way I found was to actually call the getgrouplist c function:

#!/usr/bin/python

import grp, pwd, os
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.util import find_library

libc = cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library('libc'))

getgrouplist = libc.getgrouplist
# 50 groups should be enought?
ngroups = 50
getgrouplist.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_uint, POINTER(c_uint * ngroups), POINTER(c_int)]
getgrouplist.restype = c_int32

grouplist = (c_uint * ngroups)()
ngrouplist = c_int(ngroups)

user = pwd.getpwuid(2540485)

ct = getgrouplist(user.pw_name, user.pw_gid, byref(grouplist), byref(ngrouplist))

# if 50 groups was not enough this will be -1, try again
# luckily the last call put the correct number of groups in ngrouplist
if ct < 0:
    getgrouplist.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_uint, POINTER(c_uint *int(ngrouplist.value)), POINTER(c_int)]
    grouplist = (c_uint * int(ngrouplist.value))()
    ct = getgrouplist(user.pw_name, user.pw_gid, byref(grouplist), byref(ngrouplist))

for i in xrange(0, ct):
    gid = grouplist[i]
    print grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name

Getting a list of all users to run this function on similarly would require to figure out what c call is made by getent passwd and call that in python.

Answer 5

I believe that this code meets your need, just using the core functions of Python interpreter, without the need to make use of additional modules:

a simple function which is capable to deal with the structure of any one of these files (/etc/passwd and /etc/group).

Here is the code:

#!/usr/bin/python

data = []

def iterator(f):
    for line in f.readlines():
        data.append(line.split(":")[0])
    data.sort()
    for item in data:
        print("- " + item)


with open("/etc/group","r") as f:
    print("\n* GROUPS *")
    iterator(f)
    print()

with open("/etc/passwd","r") as f:
    print("\n* USERS *")
    iterator(f)