Highcharts calculates the size of the bubbles like this:
largest bubble radius = maxSize smallest bubble radius= minSize
So if you add a bubble with a lower z value then the smallest bubble, the new bubble will get radius minSize. The bubble that used to be the smallest bubble will grow. The same goes for a new bubble that is larger then the largest bubble.
If you know the possible range of z values, you could calculate minSize based on the distance of the smallest z-value to the start of that range and maxSize on the distance of the largest z-value to the end of that range. Now if you add a bubble that is smaller that the smallest bubble, you adjust minSize. The existing bubbles will keep their previous size.