The documentation for force.start()
explicitly says
In addition, it should be called again whenever the nodes or links change.
So the way to do what you want would be to add the links to the original force layout and then restart the simulation. If you don't restart, those links won't be taken into account and the results of the simulation will look weird.
You could of course try to make seem like the simulation isn't restarted by setting the positions of the nodes to the positions at the end of the current simulation before restarting it.