I was able to fulfil this need using Sphinx after all. I used MiKTeX to generate the PDF on Windows.
Install MiKTeX (< 200mb)
wget -nv -N http://mirrors.ctan.org/systems/win32/miktex/setup/miktex-portable-2.9.4757.exe
7z.exe x -y miktex-portable-2.9.4757.exe -o"miktex"
Add the bin directory to your path
SET Path=%Path%;%CD%\miktex\miktex\bin
Run Sphinx's "make.bat" to generate the .tex file.
SET SPHINXOPTS=-W -E
make.bat latex
Invoke MiKTeX's pdflatex:
cd build/latex
pdflatex.exe YOUR_PROJECT_NAME.tex
The resultant PDF will be in your build/latex directory