Solution
Only css used, working jsFiddle example: http://jsfiddle.net/Gajotres/Ajdc4/
You will only need to change icon. I can't do it from here.
.ui-input-text {
width: 75px;
}
#custom-li .ui-li .ui-btn-text .ui-link-inherit .ui-li-thumb {
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
margin:auto;
right: 0;
margin-right: 0 !important;
}
#custom-li .ui-li .ui-icon {
left: 10px !important;
}
#custom-li .ui-li .ui-btn-text .ui-link-inherit .left {
float: right;
margin-right: 50px;
display:block;
-moz-transform: matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
-webkit-transform: matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
-o-transform:matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
}
#custom-li .ui-li .ui-btn-text .ui-link-inherit .right {
float: right;
margin-right: 20px;
display:block;
-moz-transform: matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
-webkit-transform: matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
-o-transform:matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
}
#left-split-icon {
left: 0 !important;
border-width: 0 1px 0 0 !important;
}
.ui-li-link-alt { right: auto !important; } // Fix for jQM 1.3
More info
If you want to learn how to do this kind of changes by yourself you should check this article, it will teach you how to do this by yourself.