Yes you can use the Salesforce Cloud Connector for that. Example:
<file:file-to-byte-array-transformer />
<sfdc:create type="Attachment">
<sfdc:objects>
<sfdc:object>
<body>#[payload]</body>
<name>test.docx</name>
<parentid>#[message.inboundProperties['mysfdcparentid']]</parentid>
</sfdc:object>
</sfdc:objects>
</sfdc:create>
In the example, I am setting the sobject type to 'Attachment'.
The body element is the file itself. Note that the connector will handle the base64 encoding for you, you just need to provide it with a byte array. If you're using File, you can use file:file-to-byte-array-transformer for example.
The parentid is set using MEL to get the value from a message property. So if you have a previous SFDC operation you can use MEL to extract the value of the previous sobject.