Most programs allow you to use a command-line prompt to execute updates etc.
For Windows Defender, it comes with a command-line utility that lets you run updates, scans, etc. through the command-line. See TN Run (and Automate) Windows Defender from the Command Line
Windows Defender:
MpCmdRun.exe -SignatureUpdate
AVG (Anti-Spam & Program/Virus DB Updates):
avgmfapx.exe /AppMode=UPDANTISPAM
avgmfapx.exe /AppMode=UPDATE
Once you know the Command-line Command, you can Run Command Prompt Commands to execute the update etc.