SharePoint doesn't "know" about project management and saves the MS-Project file as one BLOB. Only Microsoft Project Server is capable of parsing MS-Project format and storing the data in a DB.
There are several free alternatives, though:
- Parse the MS-Project XML file. That's actually not that difficult.
- http://mpxj.sourceforge.net/ is a Java library for reading and writing MS-Project
- http://www.project-open.org/ includes a MS-Project import (written by myself) that stores the MS-Project structures in a PostgreSQL database.