At this time, there's no support for api key in geocoding request and it seems intentional per api documentation. The current parameter is a legacy from V2, and in the api console there isn't an available service for geocoding api.
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/?hl=en#Limits
So, stick to keyless requests, and if you want to monitor your usage, you should log yourself and watch for OVER_QUERY_LIMIT responses.