rdf reasoning rules via Jena

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16264087

  •  13-04-2022
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Question

I want to express this relation: if article X has author Y, and the author has the influenceFactor medium or high(3 classes: low , medium, high) then this article is regarded as highly recommended.

(?x computer-science#hasAuthor ?y)(?y computer-science#hasInfluenceFactor computer-science#High) -> (?x computer-science#isImportant computer-science#importantfactor)

is my thought right?

here is some snippet of the ontology

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasAuthor">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;TransitiveProperty"/>
    <owl:propertyDisjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#isAuthorOf"/>
    <rdfs:range>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasAuthor"/>
            <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#author"/>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:range>
    <rdfs:domain>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasAuthor"/>
            <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#article"/>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:domain>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
   <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasInfluenceFactor">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;TransitiveProperty"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#author"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#influenceFator"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#High">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#influenceFator"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#isImportant">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;TransitiveProperty"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#importantFactor"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#influenceFator"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#importantFactor">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#importantFactor"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>

sincere thanks to any viewer of my question :)

Was it helpful?

Solution

You don't need to create a rule to express your ontology, you can do it entirely in OWL. First we define an ontology based on your example, but with some new axioms. In particular, we define two new class expressions: InfluentialArticle and ImportantArticle. An influential article has high or medium impact, an important author wrote at least one influential article:

@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix cs: <http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#>.

# properties
cs:hasAuthor
  a       owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cs:Article ;
  rdfs:range cs:Author .

cs:wrote
  a owl:ObjectPropert ;
  owl:inverseOf cs:hasAuthor .

# classes
cs:hasInfluenceFactor
  a       owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cs:Article ;
  rdfs:range cs:InfluenceFactor .

cs:InfluenceFactor
  owl:equivalentClass
    [a owl:Class ;
     owl:oneOf ( cs:high cs:medium cs:low )
    ].

cs:Author a owl:Class.
cs:Article a owl:Class.

# axioms

# an influential article has a high or medium impact
cs:InfluentialArticle
  rdfs:subClassOf cs:Article ;
  owl:equivalentClass [
    owl:unionOf (
      [a owl:Restriction ;
       owl:onProperty cs:hasInfluenceFactor ;
       owl:hasValue cs:high]
      [a owl:Restriction ;
       owl:onProperty cs:hasInfluenceFactor ;
       owl:hasValue cs:medium
      ]
    )
  ].

# an important author wrote an influential article
cs:ImportantAuthor
  rdfs:subClassOf cs:Author ;
  owl:equivalentClass [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty cs:wrote ;
    owl:someValuesFrom cs:InfluentialArticle
  ].

# individuals

# fred wrote a lousy paper
cs:fred
  a cs:Author.
cs:article1
  a cs:Article ;
  cs:hasInfluenceFactor cs:low ;
  cs:hasAuthor cs:fred.

# jane wrote a good paper
cs:jane
  a cs:Author.
cs:article2
  a cs:Article ;
  cs:hasInfluenceFactor cs:high ;
  cs:hasAuthor cs:jane.

Now we can write some Jena code to load this ontology and process it with a built-in reasoner:

package examples;

import java.util.Iterator;

import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.*;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.util.FileManager;

public class ReasonerExample
{
    String NS = "http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#";

    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        new ReasonerExample().run();
    }

    public void run() {
        OntModel m = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( OntModelSpec.OWL_MEM_MICRO_RULE_INF );
        FileManager.get().readModel( m, "src/main/resources/comp-sci.ttl" );

        // list all authors
        System.out.println( "All authors:" );
        OntClass author = m.getOntClass( NS + "Author" );
        for (Iterator<? extends OntResource> i = author.listInstances(); i.hasNext(); ) {
            System.out.println( "  " + i.next().getURI() );
        }

        // list high impact authors
        OntClass importantAuthor = m.getOntClass( NS + "ImportantAuthor" );
        System.out.println( "Important authors:" );
        for (Iterator<? extends OntResource> i = importantAuthor.listInstances(); i.hasNext(); ) {
            System.out.println( "  " + i.next().getURI() );
        }
    }
}

Which gives the following output:

All authors:
  http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#jane
  http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#fred
Important authors:
  http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#jane

Note I also fixed your names to use OWL conventions: leading capital letter for classes, lower case for everything else. I also simplified the domain and range constraints, which were a bit weird.

Update

Following a comment from the original poster, I translated the ontology to RDF/XML using Jena's rdfcat tool as follows:

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:cs="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
  <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Article"/>
  <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Author"/>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasAuthor">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Article"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Author"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasInfluenceFactor">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Article"/>
    <rdfs:range>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#InfluenceFactor">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
          <owl:Class>
            <owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
              <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#high"/>
              <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#medium"/>
              <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#low"/>
            </owl:oneOf>
          </owl:Class>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdfs:range>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#ImportantAuthor">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Author"/>
    <owl:equivalentClass>
      <owl:Restriction>
        <owl:onProperty>
          <owl:ObjectPropert rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#wrote">
            <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasAuthor"/>
          </owl:ObjectPropert>
        </owl:onProperty>
        <owl:someValuesFrom>
          <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#InfluentialArticle">
            <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#Article"/>
            <owl:equivalentClass rdf:parseType="Resource">
              <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                <owl:Restriction>
                  <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasInfluenceFactor"/>
                  <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#high"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
                <owl:Restriction>
                  <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#hasInfluenceFactor"/>
                  <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#medium"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
              </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:equivalentClass>
          </rdf:Description>
        </owl:someValuesFrom>
      </owl:Restriction>
    </owl:equivalentClass>
  </rdf:Description>
  <cs:Article rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#article2">
    <cs:hasInfluenceFactor rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#high"/>
    <cs:hasAuthor>
      <cs:Author rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#jane"/>
    </cs:hasAuthor>
  </cs:Article>
  <cs:Article rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#article1">
    <cs:hasInfluenceFactor rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#low"/>
    <cs:hasAuthor>
      <cs:Author rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/aero/ontologies/2013/1/computer-science#fred"/>
    </cs:hasAuthor>
  </cs:Article>
</rdf:RDF>
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