" ....two columns, one called "values" (4.960001, 4.847222, ... 3.639985, 3.849003) and one called "time" (1999, 1999, ..., 2009, 2009)" ..."75,049 values for each year."
Sounds like this could be done with:
folded <- matrix(dfrm$values, ncol=2)
replicate( 1000, { pick <- sample(1:75049, 30)
t.test(folded[pick, 1], folded[pick,2], paired=TRUE)$statistic
} )