IMO, you have to splits comma delimited variable using regexp_substr. Your query should be like this:
for x in (
SELECT DISTINCT column_id
FROM table
WHERE column_id in (
SELECT DISTINCT regexp_substr(in_column_ids,'[^,]+', 1, LEVEL) FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY regexp_substr(in_column_ids, '[^,]+', 1, LEVEL) IS NOT NULL
)
/* WHERE column_id in (15,16,17) =>works */
/* => in_column_ids is a varchar type which
holds comma separated value */
and column_title=in_column_title /* works */
)
Check out SQLFIDDLE DEMO