Guess your broken Makefile is leftover from some earlier attempts - remove the Qwt build directory completely and start from scratch.
For loading the Qwt designer plugin in the Qt creator you need to have a version that is compatible with how the creator had been built. AFAIR the 5.0.2 mingw package contains a version 2.7.0 of the creator, that had been built for Qt 4.8 with MSVC ( see About->Qt creator ). If true it means you need to have 2 different builds of Qwt - one for your application, the other one for the designer plugin.
For the future I'm planning to offer precompiled versions of the designer plugin that are compatible with current binary packages of the Qt creator.
Also note that in SVN trunk the default settings for building the plugin have been changed since rc3: on windows the library is statically linked into the plugin and on better systems you have a similar effect with compiling in the install path of the library ( see RPATH ).