Use the .astype
method:
all_data.astype(dtype=[('v1', 'S3'), ('v2', '<i4'), ('v3', '|S30'), ('v4', '<f8'), ('v5', '<f8'), ('v6', '<f8'), ('v7', 'O')])
#rec.array([('GNB', 1980, '-1', 20.0, -1.168689, 0.4619077, None),
# ('GNB', 1981, '20', -1.185176, 0.4619077, nan, None)],
# dtype=[('v1', 'S3'), ('v2', '<i4'), ('v3', 'S30'), ('v4', '<f8'), ('v5', '<f8'), ('v6', '<f8'), ('v7', 'O')])