I think you will need to use the facet.query parameter, which will allow you to specify a query that will only apply to the faceting results and not the main query.
This param allows you to specify an arbitrary query in the Lucene default syntax to generate a facet count. By default, faceting returns a count of the unique terms for a "field", while facet.query allows you to determine counts for arbitrary terms or expressions.
In your case, I believe you will still return the facet counts for unique terms for a "field", but with some additional filters applied.