Check out the official dev doc. Scroll down and you'll find a graphic associating generalized screen sizes (categories) with an approximate dimension (in inches).
Just be aware that screen size categories like "xlarge," for example, aren't tied to a hard number like "10 inches." Instead, official documentation uses terms like "An xlarge screen is defined as a screen that is significantly larger than a "large" screen, such as a tablet (or something larger)..."
You can find fuzzy definitions of screen size categories here