It is possible, but requires a lot of setup.
First add event metadata to MyComponent:
<s:Group>
<fx:Metadata>
[Event(name="click", type="flash.events.MouseEvent")]
</fx:Metadata>
<s:Button id="myBtn" label="click me" />
</s:Group>
In theory you should make sure that your component also dispatches the click event; however since click will bubble by default you do not need to do anything else for that event.
Now, your main component will show the event in MXML code hinting, and the compiler will not complain:
<local:MyComponent click="doSomething()>
</local:MyComponent>
Generally, I would not recommend trying to drill down into a component in order to place listeners on events dispatched by a component's children. It is a break of encapsulation. The parent component should not know implementation details of the children.