You don't need a link, you can simply "request" that URL yourself:
var {ToolbarButton} = require("toolbarbutton");
var {Request} = require("sdk/request");
ToolbarButton({
...
onCommand: function () {
try {
Request({url: "mailto:foo@example.com"}).get();
}
catch (e) {
// Ignore "no data will be returned" exception
}
}
});
This request will have exactly the same effect as the user clicking the link - no data will be returned but the mail application window will open.