I was experiencing the same issue. This is a turbolinks problem.
You can disable turbolinks at the source page that you're coming from by adding data-no-turbolink to the href or div, and this will get it working. i.e.
<%= link_to "Create New Form", sampleform_path, 'data-no-turbolink' => true %>
See more details here, under the "Opting out of Turbolinks" section.
[EDIT] I think the better solution is to call your document.ready code during the page:change event also in coffeescript. Here is the code you can use:
$(document).on 'ready page:load', -> $('.date').datepicker({
format: 'dd-mm-yyyy'
autoclose: true
todayHighlight: true
language: 'fr'
});