The only way is to modify the patch files directly with a tool or an editor.
You must (of course) do this while the patches are unapplied, so begin with
$ hg qpop -a
Then edit the patches in .hg/patches
using either an editor of your choice or perhaps by using filterdiff from patchutils. Running
$ filterdiff --strip 3 \
--addoldprefix a/project/feature_b/ \
--addnewprefix b/project/feature_b/ your-patch
might do the trick by stripping off the old a/project/feature_b
prefixes before adding new ones.