You can use a form_alter to modify the exposed form. May be something like this.
function MYMODULE_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
if ($form_id == 'views_exposed_form') {
$category = $form['taxonomy_id']['#options'];
foreach ($category as $tids => $value) {
$options = $value->option;
foreach ($options as $key => $value) {
preg_match_all("/^\-.*/", $value, $matches);
$match_found = $matches[0][0];
// child elements only.
if (!empty($match_found)) {
$form['taxonomy_id']['#options'][$tids]->option[$key] = "-" . $match_found
}
}
}
}
}