You can use Chutzpah for that
With Chutzpah you can run your tests from command line and integrate your tests with Visual Studio Test Explorer.
Chutzpah allows you decide if you want to run the tests from .ts files, .js files, .html files or from all of them.
It also allows you to load external .js files (e.g. dependent libraries) from your .ts unit test file, with its specific :
/// <chutzpah_reference path="lib/jquery-1.9.1.min.js" />
/// <reference path="src/YourFileToBeTested.ts" />
Your unit tests can be written in TypeScript.
You can install Chutzpah from Visual Studio/Tools/Extensions and updates.