The error you're seeing indicates that you haven't started the webserver. Since you are using ./scripts/e2e-test.sh to run your e2e tests, you need to have your webserver serve the app from localhost:8000 and the docroot needs point to the angular-phonecat folder, not the app folder. This can be done by simply running ./scripts/web-server.js (see step-00)
Note that there is a second way to run your e2e tests. You can just visit
http://localhost:8000/test/e2e/runner.html