It is the same in disassembly (not IL) on Windows 8 x64:
++x;
0000004a inc dword ptr [ebp-40h]
x++;
0000004d inc dword ptr [ebp-40h]
As you can see, both statements are an inc
instruction. I used this code to try out:
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
++x;
x++;
}