If you are able to run nodejs on the server then you can use socket.io to communicate between client and server. Think of it like a chatroom like msn or skype. As users open the appjs application it can connect to the server.
When you have a file to push send a message like "updatedFile" and then list the url. Clients can then download the file and save to the local disk.
This way all connected clients can download updates and no need to poll all of the time - just have websocket open.
When a client connects it could send a message changesSince timestamp and receive a list of all files changed on server since that time which it can then download and save to local disk one by one.