You have to do some cast-validity and null-validity checks but here's the deal:
PartSite partSite = (PartSite)yourDetachedView.getViewSite();
PartPane partPane = partSite.getPane();
ViewStack viewStack = (ViewStack)partPane.getContainer();
ViewPane viewPane = (ViewPane)viewStack.getSelection();
viewPane.doAttach();
EDIT: Here's another way.
PartSite site = (PartSite)yourDetachedView.getSite();
WorkbenchPage workbenchPage = (WorkbenchPage)site.getPage();
String viewId = site.getId();
String secondaryId = yourDetachedView.getViewSite().getSecondaryId();
IViewReference viewReference = workbenchPage.findViewReference( viewId, secondaryId );
Perspective activePerspective = workbenchPage.getActivePerspective();
PerspectiveHelper presentation = activePerspective.getPresentation();
presentation.attachPart( viewReference );