You do not have to disable the mangled name which actually contains lots of information of how the function itself is declared, it basically represents the whole signature of the function after the function name gets de-mangled. I understand you already found a word-around and the other answer has been marked as a correct answer. What I am writing below is how we can make it work as you desired.
[DllImport("foo.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.ThisCall, EntryPoint = "#OrdinalNumber")]
public static extern int GetAnswer(IntPtr thisA);
If you replace "#OrdinalNumber" with the real ordinal number of GetAnsweer, such as "#1", it will work as you desired.
You may just consider the EntryPoint property is the same as the function name we pass to GetProcAddress where you can either pass the function name or the ordinal number of the function.
Your approach to calling non-static function members of a C++ class is indeed correct and thiscall is used correctly and that is exactly thiscall calling convention comes in play in C# P/Invoke. The issue with this approach is that you will have to look into the DLL's PE information, Export Function Information and find out the ordinal number for each function you would like to call, if you have a big number of C++ functions to call, you may want to automate such a process.