I found a simple solution for my needs, which is based on a small batch script, that you'll have to click. It's not a shortcut so to say even though you can still create a shortcut of the batchfile.
Here's the script:
CALL "%VS100COMNTOOLS%\..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86
REG ADD "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\10.0\TeamFoundation\SourceControl\Explorer\<GUIDofTFS>" /v "SceMostRecentPath" /d "$/<PathToTfsProject>" /f
devenv /Command View.TfsSourceControlExplorer
In fact I combined 2 ideas found in separate sources:
1. Start VS with Source Control Explorer
2. Manipulate Registry to open Source Control Explorer in a specific path
With the command devenv /Command View.TfsSourceControlExplorer
you can actually start VS and automatically open Source Control Explorer. Unfortunately there is no way to give a parameter to point it directly to a location you wish. But I noticed that VS2010 seems to persist the last used path and reopens to that place on restarts. A quick research resulted in the registry entry
HKCU\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\10.0\TeamFoundation\SourceControl\Explorer\058104ed-f0e2-4126-9ccc-0e37e19c4f91\SceMostRecentPath
By manipulating the value of SceMostRecentPath
you can trick VS2010 to open Source Control Explorer with the path in there.
Keep in mind: You will need to replace 058104ed-f0e2-4126-9ccc-0e37e19c4f91
with the GUID of your TFS Installation.
Since we are all using VS 2010 but the installation paths differ, I implemented the path dynamically by making use of the VS100COMNTOOLS variable. First we set up the TFS command line environment:
CALL "%VS100COMNTOOLS%\..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x86`
Then we change the registry:
REG ADD "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\10.0\TeamFoundation\SourceControl\Explorer\[PutYourTfsGUIDHere]" /v "SceMostRecentPath" /d "$/<YourTfsPath>" /f
Finally we do a simple call of devenv.exe with the source Explorer command:
devenv /Command View.TfsSourceControlExplorer